Diabetes doesn’t just affect your blood sugar — it can quietly impact your eyes too. Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the most common diabetes-related eye problems, and catching it early can literally save your sight.
What Causes Diabetic Retinopathy?
High blood sugar over time damages the tiny blood vessels at the back of the eye (the retina). These weak vessels can leak, swell, or close off — affecting the retina’s ability to form clear images.
Types of Diabetic Retinopathy
1. Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR):
The early stage. Blood vessels weaken and may leak, but no new vessels grow yet.
2. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR):
The advanced stage. New, fragile blood vessels start growing. These vessels can bleed into the eye, causing sudden vision loss.
Possible Complications
- Blurred vision
- Floaters (tiny specks or cobwebs in your vision)
- Sudden bleeding inside the eye
- Retinal detachment
- Complete vision loss if left untreated
Treatment Options
- Laser treatment: Seals leaking vessels and prevents abnormal vessel growth.
- Injections: Medicines that reduce swelling and stop harmful new vessels.
- Vitrectomy surgery: Removes blood and scar tissue in advanced cases.
Prevention: Your Best Defense
- Control blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol
- Have a yearly dilated eye exam (or more frequently if advised)
- Quit smoking
- Maintain a healthy diet and active lifestyle